Case studies are a popular research method in business area. Case study research is an investigation and analysis of a single or collective case, intended to capture the complexity of the object of study stake, 1995. Qualitative research through case studies will help students improve the quality of their work through introducing a wide range of traditions, including interpretive approaches such as grounded theory, dramaturgical analysis, ethnomethodology and conversation analysis and political approaches such as critical discourse analysis, feminism and. Case studies are widely used in organizational studies and across the social sciences, and there is some suggestion that the case study method is increasingly being used and with a growing confidence in the case study as a rigorous research strategy in its own right.
For instance, the uppsala model which is wellknown to those. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to understand administrators management of various student behaviors, collection of buildinglevel data around student conduct, and use of such data to make studentlevel and buildinglevel decisions for improvement. Definition of a case study a case study is a holistic inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its. They can be flexible and openended and thus require an extensive descriptive. Case studies, international business, and qualitative research introduction the case study method has been used in several areas of international business ib research. From a stakian view of case study, a precise definition of cases or case studies is not. In order to accomplish this, all qualitative research articles published in qualitative report since its inception in 1990 n 273 were examined. Pdf qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to.
What case study is different forms of qualitative traditions exist and the design of research within each has distinct features cresswell, 98. Qualitative research, case study methods, epistemological foundations. According to its design, case studies in business research can be divided into three categories. The course starts by discussing the nature of qualitative research and its role in the field of international. Case study is but one qualitative methodology, the output of which is the case study. Qualitative research methods are ways of investigating a topic to gain a deeper understanding and generate new theories and ideas. Qualitative and case study research 151030011 soas. In the light of contemporary theoretical debates about the state of qualitative research, which are at the same time fascinating but often abstract and inaccessible, i would like this second edition of qualitative researchingto be useful to. Qualitative research and case studies linkedin slideshare. Qualitative research different disciplines it is an indepth investigation of a single entity or small number of entities, which could be an individual, family, group, institution, community or other social unit.
This article introduces the concept of qualitative case study research as empirical inquiry. Qualitative research is by nature flexible and openended. Qualitative research through case studies sage publications ltd. The following is a modified excerpt from applied qualitative research design. The goal of this approach is to expand and build theories rather than perform statistical. In summary, case study research is a comprehensive. A crosssection qualitative case study was employed using indepth interviews idi and focus group discussions fgd with spouses of pwid and key informant interviews kii with parentsinlaw, an intimate friend, an army nurse, a camp religious leader and a ward authority who was a secretary of drug abuse eradication team of his village.
The pack begins with a general introduction to the nature of qualitative research. These methods usually examine and interpret patterns in written or. Bryman 1986 identifies two forms of qualitative research in the new leadership literature. Bounding the case, conceptualizing the object of study. Qualitative case study research, as described by stake, draws together naturalistic, holistic, ethnographic, phenomenological, and biographic research methods in a bricoleur design.
It defines and distinguishes what a case study is, the purposes, intentions, and types of case studies. Case study research is neither new nor essentially qualitative. Findings can raise awareness of general issues, but the aim is not to generalise the findings to other cases. The other, more academic, explore several research designs. Case study qualitative research guidelines project. However, in many of the qualitative case studies we. Contents preface and acknowledgements vii introduction. Collective case study is the study of multiple cases to understand a phenomenon. Stake case studies in qualitative inquiry rebecca west burns.
The interest is in process rather than outcomes, in context rather than a specific variable, in discovery rather than in. This guide to using qualitative research methodology is designed to help you think about all the steps you need to take to ensure that you produce a good quality piece of work. Specifically the case study method of qualitative research would be used for this study. This includes identification of the place of qualitative research in a brief comparison with quantitative research. Case studies i focuses on the characteristics, circumstances, and complexity of a small number of cases often uses multiple methods. Learn case studies qualitative research with free interactive flashcards. Some qualitative studies investigate a collection of events or series of instances. School for social care research lse research online. Qualitative case study guidelines nsuworks nova southeastern. Case studies are widely used in organizational studies and across the social sciences, and there is some suggestion that the case study method is increasingly being used and with a growing confidence in the case study as a rigorous research strategy in its own right cf. Choose from 500 different sets of case studies qualitative research flashcards on quizlet. When the approach is applied correctly, it becomes a valuable method for health science research to.
A quantitative analysis of the all 125 empirical qualitative research articles. Feb 28, 2009 qualitative research and case studies 2. Qualitative case study research as empirical inquiry. When the approach is applied correctly, it becomes a. The project provided an opportunity for two young mrican trainees to learn some ofthe skills and understandings ofadult educators through a ten month attachment to the centre for adult education, a department at the university ofnatal, durban the centre has since. Acknowledging multiple realities in qualitative case studies, as is now commonly done, involves discerning the various perspectives of the researcher, the caseparticipant, and others, which. The penguin definition juxtaposes case studies with largesample, statistical research in an. Justifying the rigour of qualitative case studies to researchers experienced. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Recommendations for using the case study method in. A case study is considered by some researchers to be a part of qualitative research a type and, sometimes. One distills lessons from portraits of successful leaders to illustrate particular ideas. Santacrocetejedor, andrea, a qualitative case study analysis for a potential model for k12 professional development using virtual learning environments 2011.
Translate the megaproject case studies into a template excel file. Case studies aim to analyze specific issues within the boundaries of a specific environment, situation or organization. This study is designed as a qualitative case study with a typical sampling method. Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study. Research article building theories from case study research characteristic and critique. The purpose of this mixed methods case study was to examine the generalization practices in qualitative research published in a reputable qualitative journal.
Case study research may feature single cases or multiple cases e. The case for combining research methods generally, and more specifically that for combining qualitative and quantitative methods, is strong. Many case studies require a researcher to work half time for half a. The qualitative case studies chosen were published between 1992 and 2007. I should like to thank jill manthorpe, martin stevens, and joan rapaport of the social care. A r t i c l e qualitative research sonia ospina robert f. Their manners should be good and their code of ethics strict p. This dissertation is a qualitative case study ofan internship project. However, it is important that comprehensive analysis procedures are used because there are often large sets of data from multiple sources of evidence. Case studies have been described as best suited to research that asks how and why questions stake, 2005. Qualitative research is research using methods such as participant observation or case studies which result in a narrative, descriptive account of a setting or practice. Pointers to methods to encourage multifaceted design of qualitative studies, we asked several active scholars to prepare a brief outline of their approaches to qualitative methods for empirical research, along.
The topics covered in this module provide students with a firm grounding in qualitative research methods. A quantitative analysis of the all 125 empirical qualitative research articles revealed. Case studies can respond to how and why questions and can examine the contextual conditions of reallife events. Pdf the case study as a type of qualitative research. Aim to illustrate an approach to data analysis in qualitative case study methodology background there is often little detail in case study research about how data were analysed. Summary the major conceptual responsibilities of the qualitative case researcher are as follows. The guide starts by telling you what qualitative methodology is and when to use it in the field understand peoples belief system, perspectives, experiences. Perhaps the best response to someone who doubts that qualitative research is possible is simply a detailed demonstration of how it can work, and this is what stake gives us. It then describes how to determine if a qualitative case study is the preferred approach for conducting research. Pointers to methods to encourage multifaceted design of qualitative studies, we asked several active scholars to prepare a brief outline of their approaches to qualitative methods for. A case study is a common framework for conducting qualitative research stake, 2000. Case study methodology has long been a contested terrain in social sciences research which is characterized by varying, sometimes opposing, approaches espoused by many research methodologists.
Three approaches to case study methods in education. Acknowledging multiple realities in qualitative case studies, as is now commonly done, involves discerning the various perspectives of the researcher, the case participant, and others, which may or may not converge yin, 1994. Case studies, as a research design, are also being conducted across disciplines and research traditions. With an increasing trend toward using more qualitative case studies, there have been meaningful and significant contributions to the field of operations management, especially in the area of theory building. An instrumental case study takes a supportive role to deepen our understanding of a larger issue. Merriams approach emphasized defining and understanding the case through the products of inquiry and drew on the work of both yin and stake. It is quite likely, as stake 1994 points out, that researchers doing case study research are calling it by another name.
Not really a specific method, but a class of studies. The use of qualitative content analysis in case study. Sociologists using these methods typically reject positivism and adopt a form of interpretive sociology. Stake 2005 qualitative case studies doctoral readings. Generating qualitative data 49 3 data sources, methods and approaches 51 4 qualitative interviewing 62 5 observing and participating 84 6 using visual methods and documents 103. The research undertaken in the present study used a qualitative case study research design 46, 48. Qualitative research explores attitudes, behaviors and experiences through such methods as interviews or focus groups. The choice of techniques for data collection depends on the purpose of the study, the nature of the research questions and the skills and resources available to the researcher. From the roots to the fruit a qualitative case study. The nature of case study does not lend itself to generalizability unless it is a collective case study.
Stake 1995 uses three terms to describe case studies. Questions of strategy 11 1 finding a focus and knowing where you stand 2 designing qualitative research 24 part ii. Qualitative researchers are guests in the private spaces of the world. Additionally, case studies can be qualitative andor quantitative. Qualitative case study research approaches a problem of practice from a holistic perspective in order to gain an indepth understanding of the situation and its meaning for those involved. N ursing scholars use research to validate, refine, and extend nursing knowledge and test theories. Case studies have become one of the most common ways to do quali tative inquiry, but they are neither new nor essentially qualitative. Part of thequantitative, qualitative, comparative, and historical methodologies commons, and thesocial statistics commons. Merriam 2009 described case study research by its characteristics.
Case studies are a common way to do qualitative inquiry. Qualitative me thods are closely link ed to case studies. A qualitative case study analysis for a potential model for k. The specific strategies for analysis in these stages centred on the work of miles and huberman 1994, which has been successfully used in case study research. If we want to advance the use of qualitative research as a legitimate instrument of knowing, we need to be able to show it works. Study design and implementation for novice researchers abstract qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts. Knowledge developed through research contributes to nurses understand of the discipline and practice. In the most elementary sense, the design is a logical sequence that connects empirical data to a studys initial research questions and ultimately, to its. Despite being one of the most frequently used qualitative research methodologies in educational research, the methodologists do not have a full consensus on the design and implementation of case study.
According to its design, case studies in business research can be divided into three. This knowledge informs the development and implementation of nursing interventions that promote. First, both stake 1995 and yin 2003 base their approach to case study on a. Qualitative ppt characteristics of qualitative research. Yet, research designs that extensively integrate both fieldwork e. Methodology issue of school violence through qualitative methodology. How to use qualitative research methods in a case study. Seton hall university dissertations and theses etds. A qualitative case study analysis for a potential model. It attempts to get an indepth opinion from participants. From the roots to the fruit a qualitative case study ofinternship.
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